The amount of VAT a business pays or claims back from HMRC is the difference between the VAT charged by the business to customers and the VAT the business pays on their own purchases.

If a business is part of the flat rate scheme it will:

• pay a fixed rate of VAT to HMRC
• it will keep the difference between what it charges its customers and pays to HMRC
• not be able to reclaim the VAT on purchases – except for certain capital assets over £2,000.

Who can join?

To be eligible to join the VAT flat rate scheme you must be a VAT-registered business and expect your VAT taxable turnover to be £150,000 or less.

This is the total of everything that you sell that is not exempt from VAT, exclusive of VAT. You cannot re-join the scheme if you have left it in the last 12 months.

Once in the scheme, you must leave if your turnover in the last 12 months was more than £230,000 including VAT, or you expect your turnover in the next 30 days alone to be more than £230,000 (including VAT).

Working out your VAT

The flat rate percentage depends on the nature of your business. The percentages applying to different business sectors can be found on the Gov.uk website. The percentages allow for input VAT recovery and are less than the rate of VAT charged.

You receive a discount of 1% from your flat-rate percentage for the first year that you are in the scheme.

The VAT that your need to pay to HMRC for a quarter is simply the fixed rate percentage as applied to your VAT-inclusive turnover.

For example….

Molly runs a beauty business. Her annual turnover (excluding VAT) is £90,000. In a particular VAT quarter, her VAT inclusive turnover is £32,400. The flat rate percentage for her sector – hairdressing and other beauty treatments – is 13%. Consequently, she must pay HMRC VAT of £4,212 for the quarter. She does not need to keep records of her input VAT or work out the difference between VAT charged and VAT suffered in the quarter.

Limited cost businesses

Special rules apply to business that do not buy many goods – known as limited cost businesses. These are business where goods are less than either 2% of turnover or £1,000 a year.

Limited cost businesses must use a higher rate of 16.5% to work out the VAT that they pay over to HMRC, regardless of the sector in which they operate.

Is the scheme worthwhile?

The scheme will save work, but this may come at a cost if the amount that you would pay using the normal rules is less than the amount determined using the fixed rate percentage. There is no substitute to doing the sums.

The flat rate percentage for limited cost businesses of 16.5% of VAT-inclusive turnover is equivalent to 19.8% of net turnover, leaving little margin for input VAT recovery as 99% of the VAT charged at 20% must be paid over to HMRC.

This may be problematic for a business that spends little on goods but incurs VAT on services and items such as fuel and promotional items, which are excluded from the calculation. Again, to assess whether the scheme is worthwhile, there is no substitute for doing the sums, which once again we can help with, get in touch on 01472 287387 if you want to discuss further.